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¹Ì±¹ ±¹¸³°Ç°¿¬±¸¼Ò(NIH: National Institutes of Health) clinical leftÀÇ °æ¿ì 1954³âºÎÅÍ Clinical Research Volunteer ProgramÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏ¿© °Ç°ÇÑ Áö¿øÀڵ鿡°Ô ÀÇÇבּ¸µé¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °Ç°ÇÑ Áö¿øÀÚµéÀº Ưº°ÇÑ Áúº´ÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚµé°úÀÇ ºñ±³¸¦ À§Çؼ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅÍ °ü·ÃµÈ Áß¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ µè°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ¸Å³â 3,500¸íÀÌ NIH¿¡¼ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ¿øÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿¬±¸Âü¿© Çã¶ôÀ» ¹Þ±â Àü¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸ÕÀú ¹Ì ½ÄÇ°ÀǾ౹(FDA: Food and Drug Administration)ÀÇ °ËÅä¿Í ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¹æ»ç(Radiation)¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¿¬±¸¶ó¸é NIH ¹æ»ç¾ÈÀüÀ§¿øȸ(Radiation Safety Committee)ÀÇ °ËÅä¿Í ½ÂÀÎÀ» °ÅÃÄ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ÀÌ¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ÀÇ»ç, °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¾ÈÀü¼º, À±¸®¼º ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »çÇ×µéÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. |
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¼¼Æ÷½ÇÇè(in vitro) |
ÀÚ¿øÀÚ ¹× µ¿¹°½ÇÇè(in vivo) |
Advantage |
- high specificity of response
- sensitivity to low concentration
- small amount of material
- low cost- high throughput
- can use with complex mixture |
- well defined, acceptable method
- endpoints can be used in hazard assessment
- incorporates broader range of mechanism
- comprehensive evaluation of whole endocrine system
- comparative perspective to other endpoints |
Disadvantage |
- may be positive in vitro but not reach target tissue in vivo
- may fail to metabolically activate toxicant
- some assays require ophisticated specialized equipment
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- more costly
- time consuming
- uses live animals
- apical whole animal assays not as useful for determining mechanism |
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1. P Wagner, J Roschke et al: Human sleep EEG under the influence of pulsed radio
frequency electromagnetic fields. Neuropsychobio 42:207-212, 2000.
2. G Freude, P Ullsperger et al: Microwaves emitted by cellular telephones affect
human slow brain potentials. Eur J Appl Physiol 81:18-27, 2000.
3. C Graham and MR Cook: Human sleep in 60 Hz magnetic fields.
Bioelectromag 0:277-283, 1999.
4. S Braune et al: Resting blood pressure increase during exposure to a radiofrequency
electromagnetic field. Lancet 351(9119):1857-1858, 1998.
5. C Graham et al: Human melatonin during continuous magnetic field exposure.
Bioelectromag 18:166-171, 1997. |
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